[原创] 关于“自由裁量权”----不能不知道的真相

[KittyCat]

怎么越看你越像学法律的？

[betsuni]

有几点疑问：
1、VO是在申请人分数不够的情况下使用“自由裁量权”，还是对所有申请者使用？
举个例子，A申请者65分，VO使用“自由裁量权”后能就成了68分
B申请者，自评68，VO是否要使用他的“自由裁量权”了？如果使用了
会不会VO给的分数就变成了65分（VO觉得申请者某些条件不好）
2、如果1成立的话，那么所谓的67分分数线，岂不成了一句空话？
3、这个自评分的分数在VO眼里到底是什么分量？是不是，VO不会按照咱们的思维去评分？------是否是东西方思维的差异？
4、看过日报关于申请速度的帖子，越来越觉得VO申案没什么规律可寻，如果说分高的快的话，还真有，分数满高，速度很慢的情况！------大家自评分肯定是按照指南上说的严格评出来的，所以我觉得VO不会理会咱们的自评分，他们有他们的一套方法！
以上是我的疑问和自己的一些拙见，欢迎大家拍砖：）

[KittyCat]

公司招聘？？？

[Don]

公司招聘？？？

:wdb24: :wdb24: :wdb24:

[Don]

#42楼的问题, 还是等LZ来亲自回答, 俺也跟着学习学习.

[点点]

有几点疑问：
1、VO是在申请人分数不够的情况下使用“自由裁量权”，还是对所有申请者使用？
举个例子，A申请者65分，VO使用“自由裁量权”后能就成了68分
B申请者，自评68，VO是否要使用他的“自由裁量权”了？如果使用了
会不会VO给的分数就变成了65分（VO觉得申请者某些条件不好）
2、如果1成立的话，那么所谓的67分分数线，岂不成了一句空话？
3、这个自评分的分数在VO眼里到底是什么分量？是不是，VO不会按照咱们的思维去评分？------是否是东西方思维的差异？
4、看过日报关于申请速度的帖子，越来越觉得VO申案没什么规律可寻，如果说分高的快的话，还真有，分数满高，速度很慢的情况！------大家自评分肯定是按照指南上说的严格评出来的，所以我觉得VO不会理会咱们的自评分，他们有他们的一套方法！
以上是我的疑问和自己的一些拙见，欢迎大家拍砖：）
1、对所有申请者
2、不是一句空话（至少在你浪费申请费后，不能怨VO）
3、VO没有要求申请人提供自评分
4、既然VO没要求提供自评分，不存在理不理的问题。
综上所述，个案独立，无需也无法比较。

[剑走川锋]

有几点疑问：
1、VO是在申请人分数不够的情况下使用“自由裁量权”，还是对所有申请者使用？
举个例子，A申请者65分，VO使用“自由裁量权”后能就成了68分
B申请者，自评68，VO是否要使用他的“自由裁量权”了？如果使用了
会不会VO给的分数就变成了65分（VO觉得申请者某些条件不好）
2、如果1成立的话，那么所谓的67分分数线，岂不成了一句空话？
3、这个自评分的分数在VO眼里到底是什么分量？是不是，VO不会按照咱们的思维去评分？------是否是东西方思维的差异？
4、看过日报关于申请速度的帖子，越来越觉得VO申案没什么规律可寻，如果说分高的快的话，还真有，分数满高，速度很慢的情况！------大家自评分肯定是按照指南上说的严格评出来的，所以我觉得VO不会理会咱们的自评分，他们有他们的一套方法！
以上是我的疑问和自己的一些拙见，欢迎大家拍砖：）

1。理论上“substituted evaluation”对所有申请者适用。如果你再细读一下，你会发现实际操作中VO行使“否定性的自由裁量权”所需程序较繁琐，必须通知申请人，必须花较长时间跟申请人“拉锯”，必须获得指定官员（即主管领导）的同意。所以我们完全可以ASSUME that VOs normally do NOT challenge the standard criteria once the applicant scores 67 or more. 也许是“自由裁量权”这个翻译方式导致了很多移友的担忧。其实这个叫做“替代性评估”，一般情况下，VO没有任何理由要用自己的判断力来替代分数线，因为分数线理论上是达到适应力的标志。再说白点，没有特殊理由，VO没必要换评估方式！
2. 1 不成立。VO使用“自由裁量权”时，必须书面给出肯定或否定的理由，这个理由必须是要经得起推敲和论证的。正如前面的朋友所说，他们必须考虑申请人上诉获胜的可能性！他们经过所谓的“自由裁量”后，给出的意见不是加几分或减几分，而是申请人“能否在加拿大经济自立”。请注意我在前面提到过VO在进行“替代性评估”时被要求尽量使用法律用语。所以应该不是在完成评估后加分减分。那个分数是他/她自己评估出来的，怎么可能又由自己挑起去加减呢？！
3。我觉得这个担忧是多余。前面提到过，现行的评分体系是评价客观，定义清晰，解释详尽的。不存在东西方思维差异的问题，这种说法太玄。
4。个案独立！分数高也可能带来滞延审核的因素，比如亲属证明，比如在加拿大的工作经历，比如第三国的留学，工作等经历，比如是否这些高级人才曾在敏感部门供职。。。凡此种种，不一而足。各个案的审理时间不具有可比性，只有一个大致审理时长而已。另外不排除部分律师在代理申请人的case的时候，提供了足够的理由，请求VO把申请人的case作为“compelling case”来处理。一经批准，则可能极大地缩短审理时长。

[Don]

4。个案独立！分数高也可能带来滞延审核的因素，比如亲属证明，比如在加拿大的工作经历，比如第三国的，比如是否这些高级人才曾在敏感部门供职。。。凡此种种，不一而足。各个案的审理时间不具有可比性，只有一个大致审理时长而已。另外不排除部分律师在代理申请人的case的时候，提供了足够的理由，请求VO把申请人的case作为“compelling case”来处理。一经批准，则可能极大地缩短审理时长。

赞! 对第四点来说, 好的中介就发挥出作用来了, 但也要碰到好的客户背景和好的价钱.

PS, 剑兄好贴, 一个下午已经到3页了, 恭喜恭喜.

[wingwinggg]

呵呵呵～～～～～～～

[偏偏]

剑峰说的很客观。我相信绝大部分的case被拒签都是理由充分的。而且他们也不会轻易的拒签。

[偏偏]

俺也听说过有上诉成功的，这时候就是中介起作用的时候了。

从此也可以侧面的看出所有的评估都是有依据的、客观可以列出来的，绝对不是vo的主观性在起主导作用。

[剑走川锋]

我相信绝大部分的case被拒签都是理由充分的。而且他们也不会轻易的拒签。
支持！
我们不妨来冷静地看一看我们最不愿意看到的东西---拒签信的模板。VO使用这三类模板来撰写三类不同的拒签信：
模板一：因未达技术移民的最低要求而致拒签，此类拒签一般都是因NOC工作经历未达一年，或VO认为其工作经历根本不在NOC之OAB之列。
OP 6 Federal Skilled Workers
2005-08-31
Appendix A Refusal on minimum requirements for skilled worker - Sample letter
INSERT LETTERHEAD
Our Ref.:
INSERT ADDRESS
Dear :
I have now completed the assessment of your application for a permanent resident visa as a skilled worker and have determined that you do not meet the requirements for immigration to Canada.
Pursuant to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, applicants in the federal skilled worker class are assessed on the basis of the minimum requirements set out in subsection 75(2) and the criteria set out in subsection 76(1). The assessment of these criteria determines whether
a skilled worker will be able to become economically established in Canada. The criteria are age, education, knowledge of Canada’s official languages, experience, arranged employment and adaptability.
Your application was assessed based on the occupation(s) in which you requested assessment (add title of the occupation and NOC code for each occupation in NOC skill type 0 or skill level A or B which the applicant has claimed experience). The table below sets out the points assessed for each of the selection criteria:
Points assessed Maximum possible
Age 10
Education 25
Official language proficiency 24
Experience 21
Arranged employment 10
Adaptability 10
Total 100
If the applicant has obtained zero points for the requirement of one year full-time employment experience within the ten years preceding the application, and therefore does not meet the skilled worker requirements, add:
Subsection 75(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations states that a foreign national is a skilled worker if
(a) within 10 years preceding the date of their application for a permanent resident visa, they
have at least one year of continuous full-time employment experience, as described in subsection 80(7), or the equivalent in part-time employment in one or more occupations, other than a restricted occupation, that are listed in Skill Type 0 Management Occupations or Skill Level A or B of the National Occupational Classification matrix;
(b) during that period of employment they performed the actions described in the lead statement for the occupation as set out in the occupational descriptions of the National Occupational Classification; and
(c) during that period of employment they performed a substantial number of the main duties of the occupation as set out in the occupational descriptions of the National Occupational Classification, including all of the essential duties.

I am not satisfied that you meet the (choose one or more: first, second, third) part of these requirements because (provide reasons.)

Subsection 75(3) states that if a foreign national fails to meet these requirements, the application shall be refused and no further assessment is required. I am not satisfied that you meet these requirements. I am therefore refusing your application.

If the applicant has paid the RPRF, add:
The Right of Permanent Residence Fee that you have paid is refundable. (Add as appropriate)
You will receive a cheque from the (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High Commission/Consulate within a few weeks. (or) Please contact the Canadian (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High Commission/ Consulate in ………… for information concerning the method of reimbursement and the date at which you can obtain the refund.
Thank you for the interest you have shown in Canada.
Yours sincerely,
Officer
cc: fee_

[点点]

:wdb20: 坐个沙发好好研究下~~~~~~~~~~~

[剑走川锋]

模板二：VO使用“否定性自由裁量权”判断申请人无法证明其能在加拿大经济自立而导致的拒签
Appendix B Refusal on discretion - Sample Letter
INSERT LETTERHEAD
Our Ref.:
INSERT ADDRESS
Dear :
I have now completed the assessment of your application for a permanent resident visa as a skilled worker and have determined that you do not meet the requirements for immigration to Canada.
Subsection 12(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act states that a foreign national may be selected as a member of the economic class on the basis of their ability to become economically established in Canada. Subsection 75(1) of the Regulations prescribes the federal skilled worker class as a class of persons who are skilled workers and who may become
permanent residents on the basis of their ability to become economically established in Canada.
Pursuant to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, 2002, skilled worker applicants are assessed on the basis of the definition set out in subsection 75(2) and the criteria set out in subsection 76(1). The assessment of these criteria determines whether a skilled worker will be
able to become economically established in Canada. The criteria are age, education, knowledge of Canada’s official languages, experience, arranged employment and adaptability.
Your application was assessed based on the occupation(s) in which you requested assessment (add title of the occupation and NOC code for each occupation in NOC skill type 0 or skill level A or B which the applicant has claimed experience). The table below sets out the points assessed
for each of the selection criteria:
Points assessed Maximum possible
Age 10
Education 25
Official language proficiency 24
Experience 21
Arranged employment 10
Adaptability 10
Total 100
Subsection 76(3) of the Regulations permit an officer to substitute their evaluation of the likelihood to become economically established in Canada if the number of points awarded are not a sufficient indicator of whether the skilled worker may become economically established in Canada.
As discussed with you at your interview, I am not satisfied that the points that you have been awarded are an accurate reflection of the likelihood of your ability to become economically established in Canada. I have made this evaluation because (provide reasons.) You were given an opportunity to address these concerns at your interview. The information you have given me and your explanations have not satisfied me that you will be able to become economically established in Canada. A senior officer concurred in this evaluation.
Subsection 11(1) of the Act states that a foreign national must, before entering Canada, apply to an officer for a visa or for any other document required by the Regulations. The visa or document shall be issued if, following an examination, the officer is satisfied that the foreign national is not inadmissible and meets the requirements of this Act. Subsection 2(1) specifies that unless otherwise indicated, references in the Act to “this Act” include regulations made under it.
Following an examination of your application, I am not satisfied that you meet the requirements of the Act and the Regulations for the reasons explained above. I am therefore refusing your application.

If the applicant has paid the RPRF, add:
The Right of Permanent Residence Fee that you have paid is refundable. (Add as appropriate)
You will receive a cheque from the (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High
Commission/Consulate within a few weeks. (or) Please contact the Canadian (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High Commission/ Consulate in ………… for information concerning the method of reimbursement and the date at which you can obtain the refund.
Thank you for the interest you have shown in Canada.
Yours sincerely,
Officer
cc: fee____

[剑走川锋]

模板三：以分数不足为理由的拒签信

Appendix C Refusal on points - Sample Letter
INSERT LETTERHEAD
Our Ref.:
INSERT ADDRESS
Dear :
I have now completed the assessment of your application for a permanent resident visa as a skilled worker and have determined that you do not meet the requirements for immigration to Canada.
Subsection 12(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act states that a foreign national may be selected as a member of the economic class on the basis of their ability to become economically established in Canada. Subsection 75(1) of the Regulations prescribes the federal skilled worker class as a class of persons who are skilled workers and who may become
permanent residents on the basis of their ability to become economically established in Canada.
Pursuant to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, 2002, skilled worker applicants are assessed on the basis of the requirements set out in subsection 75(2) and the criteria set out in subsection 76(1). The assessment of these requirements determines whether a skilled worker
will be able to become economically established in Canada. The criteria are age, education, knowledge of Canada’s official languages, experience, arranged employment and adaptability.
Your application was assessed based on the occupation(s) in which you requested assessment (add title of the occupation and NOC code for each occupation in NOC skill type 0 or skill level A or B which the applicant has claimed experience). The table below sets out the points assessed for each of the selection criteria:
Points assessed Maximum possible
Age 10
Education 25
Official language proficiency 24
Experience 21
Arranged employment 10
Adaptability 10
Total 100
You have obtained insufficient points to qualify for immigration to Canada, the minimum requirement being 67 points. Add reasons why applicant was unable to obtain sufficient points. You have not obtained sufficient points to satisfy me that you will be able to become economically established in Canada.（请特别留意这句话并不是简单地说分数不够，而是说所获分数不足以让VO确信申请人能在加拿大经济自立！）
Subsection 11(1) of the Act states that a foreign national must, before entering Canada, apply to an officer for a visa or for any other document required by the regulations. The visa or document shall be issued if, following an examination, the officer is satisfied that the foreign national is not
inadmissible and meets the requirements of this Act. Subsection 2(1) specifies that unless otherwise indicated, references in the Act to “this Act” include regulations made under it.
Following an examination of your application, I am not satisfied that you meet the requirements of the Act and the Regulations for the reasons explained above. I am therefore refusing your application.

If the applicant has paid the RPRF, add:
The Right of Permanent Residence Fee that you have paid is refundable. (Add as appropriate)
You will receive a cheque from the (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High
Commission/Consulate within a few weeks. (or) Please contact the Canadian (choose as appropriate) Embassy/High Commission/ Consulate in ………… for information concerning the method of reimbursement and the date at which you can obtain the refund.
Thank you for the interest you have shown in Canada.
Yours sincerely,
Officer
cc: fee____

[Don]

强烈建议本贴加精!

[点点]

强烈建议本贴加精!
加精偶没有权利，置顶还可以为之。置顶了，筒子们可得好好研究研究LZ的帖子。:wdb10: :wdb10:

[wingwinggg]

cool~~~~~~~~

[Don]

剑峰说的很客观。我相信绝大部分的case被拒签都是理由充分的。而且他们也不会轻易的拒签。

剑峰~~~~~! 偏偏你可真能偏! 还可以砍掉的.

[点点]

剑峰~~~~~! 偏偏你可真能偏! 还可以砍掉的.
偏偏当然偏偏喽